abstract：:Most toxicity tests investigate constant concentrations of a chemical. Concentrations of many compounds in the environment are dynamic, however, and individuals may be more sensitive to pulses of a chemical initiated at specific points during development. Realistic toxicity tests are important to accurately assess the...

journal_title：Environmental toxicology and chemistry

authors： Earl JE,Whiteman HH

更新日期：2009-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A method is presented for developing scientifically defensible, numeric guidelines for residual petroleum-related constituents, specifically monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (MAHs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), in the water column. The guidelines are equivalent to a HC5 (i.e., hazard concentration to 5%...

journal_title：Environmental toxicology and chemistry

authors： McGrath JA,Di Toro DM

更新日期：2009-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Isothiocyanates of natural origin produced by the hydrolysis of plant-produced glucosinolates have the potential to control soil pests, but getting sufficiently high isothiocyanate concentrations in soil is difficult. Furthermore, the isothiocyanates have proven toxic to a wide range of organisms and hence may also ha...

journal_title：Environmental toxicology and chemistry

authors： Gimsing AL,Strobel BW,Hansen HC

更新日期：2009-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Environmentally relevant mixtures of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs; e.g., crude oils) are often rich in alkyl-PAHs, such as retene (7-isopropyl-1-methylphenanthrene), which produce dioxin-like toxicity in fish embryos. The mechanism of alkyl-PAH toxicity is not well understood but was previously thought to be...

journal_title：Environmental toxicology and chemistry

authors： Scott JA,Ross M,Lemire BC,Hodson PV

更新日期：2009-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) has been widely used as an explosive in munition formulations, resulting in contamination of wildlife habitat on military installations. To estimate health effects for reptilian species, acute, subacute, and subchronic oral toxicity studies were conducted using the Western...

journal_title：Environmental toxicology and chemistry

authors： McFarland CA,Quinn MJ Jr,Bazar MA,Talent LG,Johnson MS

更新日期：2009-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Most studies examining the influence of ecological characteristics of fish on Hg concentration in fish tissues have focused on a few variables and been conducted in northern ecosystems. We examined how total length (TL), age, food-web position (estimated using delta13C and delta15N), and habitat were related to total ...

journal_title：Environmental toxicology and chemistry

authors： Chumchal MM,Hambright KD

更新日期：2009-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Oxygen consumption is indicative of an organism's metabolic state, whereby alterations in respiration rate can result from the presence of different stimuli. Here, we develop a novel approach based on quenched fluorescence oxygen sensing and respirometry method for toxicity screening assays using the nematode Caenorha...

journal_title：Environmental toxicology and chemistry

authors： Schouest K,Zitova A,Spillane C,Papkovsky D

更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sediment-quality assessment often is hindered by the lack of agreement between chemical and biological lines of evidence. One limitation is that the bulk sediment toxicant concentration, the most widely used chemical parameter, does not always represent the bioavailable concentration, particularly for hydrophobic orga...

journal_title：Environmental toxicology and chemistry

authors： Maruya KA,Zeng EY,Tsukada D,Bay SM

更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Effects of three photosystem II inhibitors and of their mixture on a freshwater phytoplankton community were studied in outdoor mesocosms. Atrazine, isoproturon, and diuron were applied as 30% hazardous concentrations (HC30s) obtained from species-sensitivity distributions. Taking concentration addition into account, ...

journal_title：Environmental toxicology and chemistry

authors： Knauert S,Dawo U,Hollender J,Hommen U,Knauer K

更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Little work has been conducted on the adsorption of arsenic to the mixed iron [Fe(II)/(III)] oxide magnetite and the effect that environmental parameters, such as pH, ionic strength, and temperature, have on adsorption. Magnetite nanoparticles are unique because of their affinity for both arsenate and arsenite and inc...

journal_title：Environmental toxicology and chemistry

authors： Shipley HJ,Yean S,Kan AT,Tomson MB

更新日期：2009-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Methylmercury is the predominant chemical form of mercury reported in the eggs of wild birds, and the embryo is the most sensitive life stage to methylmercury toxicity. Protective guidelines have been based mainly on captive-breeding studies with chickens (Gallus gallus), mallards (Anas platyrhynchos), and ring-necked...

journal_title：Environmental toxicology and chemistry

authors： Stebbins KR,Klimstra JD,Eagles-Smith CA,Ackerman JT,Heinz GH

更新日期：2009-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The combined effect of a chemical (fluoranthene) and a nonchemical stress (reduced soil moisture content) to the widely distributed earthworm Lumbricus rubellus were investigated in a laboratory study. Neither fluoranthene (up to 500 microg/g) nor low soil moisture (15% below optimal) had a significant effect on the s...

journal_title：Environmental toxicology and chemistry

authors： Long SM,Reichenberg F,Lister LJ,Hankard PK,Townsend J,Mayer P,Wright J,Holmstrup M,Svendsen C,Spurgeon DJ

更新日期：2009-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The trophic transfer of monoaromatic hydrocarbons to predatory organisms feeding upon contaminated marine animals is not well reported within the scientific literature. Branched alkylbenzenes (BABs) unresolved by gas chromatography have been reported to be principal toxic components of bioaccumulated hydrocarbons in t...

journal_title：Environmental toxicology and chemistry

authors： Scarlett A,Dissanayake A,Rowland SJ,Galloway TS

更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Quantitative mussel biomonitoring studies often use laboratory-measured whole-body elimination rate coefficients (k(tot) in conjunction with concentration data from field-deployed mussels to estimate bioavailable steady-state contaminant concentrations (C(m(ss)) in aquatic systems. However, the validity of applying la...

journal_title：Environmental toxicology and chemistry

authors： Raeside AA,O'Rourke SM,Drouillard KG

更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent studies have indicated the potential for dietborne metals as an important exposure pathway for metal toxicity in freshwater organisms. We conducted a study in which freshwater cladocerans (Ceriodaphnia dubia) were fed green algae (either Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata or Chlorella vulgaris) that were grown in ...

journal_title：Environmental toxicology and chemistry

authors： Kolts JM,Boese CJ,Meyer JS

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Eel aquaculture is capture based and thus dependent on the fishery for juvenile glass eels. This fishery typically takes place in estuaries where salinity varies and ammonia levels can be elevated. Also, during capture and transport glass eels are kept at high densities and ammonia from endogenous production can incre...

journal_title：Environmental toxicology and chemistry

authors： Da Silva JM,Coimbra J,Wilson JM

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Laboratory bioassays were conducted to evaluate the effects on honeybee behavior of sublethal doses of insecticides chronically administered orally or by contact. Emergent honeybees received a daily dose of insecticide ranging from one-fifth to one-five-hundredth of the median lethal dose (LD50) during 11 d. After exp...

journal_title：Environmental toxicology and chemistry

authors： Aliouane Y,El Hassani AK,Gary V,Armengaud C,Lambin M,Gauthier M

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The present study examined how subcellular partitioning of Cd in plants with different strategies to store and detoxify Cd may affect trophic transfer of Cd to the isopod Porcellio dilatatus. The plant species used were Lactuca sativa, a horticultural metal accumulator species; Thlaspi caerulescens, a herbaceous hyper...

journal_title：Environmental toxicology and chemistry

authors： Monteiro MS,Santos C,Soares AM,Mann RM

更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We conducted field studies over three years to assess body burdens and maternal transfer of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) as well as indices of sexual dimorphism in snapping turtles (Chelydra serpentina) of the upper Hudson River (NY, USA.) We collected adult turtles in areas known to be contaminated with PCBs and ...

journal_title：Environmental toxicology and chemistry

authors： Kelly SM,Eisenreich KM,Baker JE,Rowe CL

更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Continuous subchronic exposure experiments were conducted to assess the effects of diazinon, an organophosphate pesticide, on the survival, growth and activity of larvae of the Asian common toad Bufo melanostictus. Two larval stages, the gill stage (Gosner stages 21 and 22) and gill-atrophy stage (Gosner stages 24 and...

journal_title：Environmental toxicology and chemistry

authors： Sumanadasa DM,Wijesinghe MR,Ratnasooriya WD

更新日期：2008-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Acute and chronic bioassays were used to evaluate the lethal and sublethal effects of copper chloride and tributyltin chloride on mahi mahi (Coryphaena hippurus) embryos, a pelagic life stage often found in the surface microlayer where anthropogenic contaminants can accumulate. Acute bioassay testing determined the me...

journal_title：Environmental toxicology and chemistry

authors： Adema-Hannes R,Shenker J

更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Riverine runoff samples were collected monthly from March 2005 to February 2006 from the eight major outlets of the Pearl River Delta (PRD), South China, and analyzed to obtain the concentrations of n-alkanes in both the filtrate and particulate phases. The average concentrations of Sigma(C15-C34) (i.e., sum of C15 to...

journal_title：Environmental toxicology and chemistry

authors： Wang JZ,Ni HG,Guan YF,Zeng EY

更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Aqueous suspensions of fullerene aggregates (aqua-nC60) were used to investigate the movement of carbon-based nanomaterials in a marine water column and to determine their effects on different life stages of a marine teleost. Fullerene aggregates formed precipitates as a result of mixing in natural seawater, and level...

journal_title：Environmental toxicology and chemistry

authors： Blickley TM,McClellan-Green P

更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nanoparticles of TiO2, ZrO2, AL2O3, CeO2, fullerene (C60), single-walled carbon nanotubes, and polymethylmethacrylate were tested for ecotoxic effects using one or more ecotoxicity endpoints: Microtox (bacteria), pulse-amplitude modulation (algae), Chydotox (crustaceans), and Biolog (soil enzymes). No appreciable effe...

journal_title：Environmental toxicology and chemistry

authors： Velzeboer I,Hendriks AJ,Ragas AM,Van de Meent D

更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) induction was evaluated in the rat hepatoma cell line H4IIE as a biomarker of exposure to organic compounds. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazoliumbromide assay was performed to assess the viability of cells exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of cadmium. Cad...

journal_title：Environmental toxicology and chemistry

authors： Jensen MH,Krøkje A

更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Methylmercury is a globally distributed neurotoxin, endocrine disruptor, and teratogen, the effects of which on wildlife at environmentally relevant levels are largely unknown. In birds, foraging efficiency and learning may be sensitive endpoints for sublethal methylmercury toxicity, and these endpoints also may be bi...

journal_title：Environmental toxicology and chemistry

authors： Adams EM,Frederick PC

更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The present study determined the effects of environmentally relevant, short-term (4-h) exposure to the pyrethroid insecticide esfenvalerate on mortality, food consumption, growth, swimming ability, and predation risk in larvae of the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas). Acute effect concentrations were determined, an...

journal_title：Environmental toxicology and chemistry

authors： Floyd EY,Geist JP,Werner I

更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ammonium nitrate (NH(4)NO(3)) is a common water pollutant associated with many industrial and municipal activities. One solution to reduce exposure of sensitive aquatic systems to nitrogenous compounds is to atomize (atmospherically disperse in fine particles) contaminated water over the Arctic tundra, which will redu...

journal_title：Environmental toxicology and chemistry

authors： Anaka A,Wickstrom M,Siciliano SD

更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We investigated Baetis spp. (mayfly), Hesperoperla pacifica (stonefly), and Brachycentrus americanus (caddisfly) susceptibility at the egg stage to esfenvalerate, a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide. Eggs were obtained from the field or from field-collected gravid females at sites near Corvallis (OR, USA) and the Metol...

journal_title：Environmental toxicology and chemistry

authors： Palmquist KR,Jenkins JJ,Jepson PC

更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The dissolved uptake rate constant (k(u)), dietary assimilation efficiency (AE), and efflux rate constant (k(e)) of cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) were quantified in a freshwater zooplankton Daphnia magna cultured at different ambient calcium (Ca) concentrations. The animals were first acclimated to different ambient Ca l...

journal_title：Environmental toxicology and chemistry

authors： Tan QG,Wang WX

更新日期：2008-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The present study evaluated the effects of field metal contamination on sperm motility and the RNA/DNA ratio in echinoderms. Populations of Asterias rubens and Echinus acutus that occur naturally along a contamination gradient of sediments by cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc in a Norwegian fjord (the Sørfjord) were stu...

journal_title：Environmental toxicology and chemistry

authors： Catarino AI,Cabral HN,Peeters K,Pernet P,Punjabi U,Dubois P

更新日期：2008-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The aim of the present work was to study the effect of Cd2+ exposure on metallothionein (MT) induction and on the distribution of metals (Cd, Cu, and Zn) in the terrestrial pulmonate Helix aspersa. In particular, the soluble and nonsoluble pools of the accumulated metals and their tissue distribution in uncontaminated...

journal_title：Environmental toxicology and chemistry

authors： Hispard F,Schuler D,de Vaufleury A,Scheifler R,Badot PM,Dallinger R

更新日期：2008-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent laboratory investigations into the bioaccumulation and toxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) have focused on low-level, time-variable exposures to early life-stage fish. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon body-burden residues reported in these studies were lower than critical body-burden residues pred...

journal_title：Environmental toxicology and chemistry

authors： Mathew R,McGrath JA,Di Toro DM

更新日期：2008-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Levels and distribution of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in various tissues of hens foraging near an electronic wastes stack spot in Taizhou, China, were studied. With high-resolution gas chromatography/negative chemical ionization mass spectrometry analysis, 37 PBDE congeners from di- to hepta-brominated and...

journal_title：Environmental toxicology and chemistry

authors： Liang SX,Zhao Q,Qin ZF,Zhao XR,Yang ZZ,Xu XB

更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Wetlands are important habitats and spawning grounds to a diverse wildlife population and are particularly vulnerable to adverse effects of endocrine disruptors. Many pesticides possess hormonal activity and have thus been classified as endocrine disruptors. A new analytical method based on ultrasonic-assisted extract...

journal_title：Environmental toxicology and chemistry

authors： Xue N,Li F,Hou H,Li B

更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:High-molecular weight petroleum hydrocarbons (HMWPHs) are a common pollutant in urban freshwater sediments. A previous study found that HMWPHs derived from synthetic oils are detrimental to aquatic benthic macroinvertebrates at concentrations greater than 840 mg/kg, but it is unclear what effect hydrocarbons derived f...

journal_title：Environmental toxicology and chemistry

authors： Anson JR,Pettigrove V,Carew ME,Hoffmann AA

更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The ecotoxicological effects of octachlorostyrene (OCS) on the aquatic larvae of the nonbiting midges Chironomus riparius (Diptera, Chironomidae) were investigated by evaluating their responses in various biological organizations, from the molecular and biochemical to the ecophysiological levels. The results of the 24...

journal_title：Environmental toxicology and chemistry

authors： Lee SW,Park K,Hong J,Choi J

更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Yangtze finless porpoise (Neophocaena phocaenoides asiaeorientalis), a protected endangered species, is the sole freshwater subspecies of finless porpoise, living only in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, China, and its appended lakes. Its population has decreased sharply to 1,400 because of human act...

journal_title：Environmental toxicology and chemistry

authors： Yang F,Zhang Q,Xu Y,Jiang G,Wang Y,Wang D

更新日期：2008-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sublethal test methods are being used with increasing frequency to measure sediment toxicity, but little is known about the relative sensitivity of these tests compared to the more commonly used acute tests. The present study was conducted to compare the sensitivity of several acute and sublethal methods and to invest...

journal_title：Environmental toxicology and chemistry

authors： Greenstein D,Bay S,Anderson B,Chandler GT,Farrar JD,Keppler C,Phillips B,Ringwood A,Young D

更新日期：2008-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Heavy metals, such as Fe, Zn, and Cd, are major pollutants in aquatic ecosystems. These toxicants usually are present in these ecosystems in the form of mixtures, and their effect on exposed organisms is the result of interactions occurring between the metals as well as with other pollutants and environmental factors....

journal_title：Environmental toxicology and chemistry

authors： Grajeda y Ortega Mde L,López EL,Perotzi LF,Garduño-Siciliano L,Martínez MG

更新日期：2008-03-01 00:00:00